Time Planning in Feasibility Studies

The Time Schedule in the Feasibility Study

Time Frame Estimation for Real Estate Projects

The Work Program is a scheme that assigns each activity a start date and a completion date. Due to the scarcity of data that is usually inherent in the initial phase of the building project, it is usual that the time schedule is not very detailed, consisting rather in a preliminary plan that will have to be part of the Feasibility Study. The time schedule is performed through four interactive processes:

• definition of activities, which requires the breakdown of the tasks associated with each phase of the real estate project to a level which allows the estimation of the time frame
• arrangement of activities, establishing the sequence based on the dependence between them
• estimation of the time frames, which will depend on the magnitude of the resources used in the performance of each activity
• calculation of the program, usually by applying the Critical Path Method.

Estimation of Time Frames

The PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) prescribes the estimation of three possible durations for each activity:

• the most probable duration
• the pessimistic duration, estimated by considering very unfavorable conditions
• the optimistic duration, estimated by considering very favorable conditions.

The use of these three estimates allows the calculation of a weighted average duration which is the one considered in the study.

Calculation of the Program

The Critical Path Method, commonly used in the timing of projects, consists of following, within the network of activities, all possible paths, adding durations and lags. Thus, it’s possible to estimate the earlier and the later date for the start and the completion of each activity and the entire project. The result of subtracting from the earliest dates the latest ones is called “clearance”. The "total clearance" is the time that an activity can be delayed without affecting the time frame of the project. The Critical Path is the one that provides zero clearance for all activities, so a delay in any of them involves an inevitable delay in the completion date of the project.

The General Review of Building Works (III)

General Review in Spain (III)

Coordinator for Safety and Health. Types of Builders.

If the works of a building project involve more than one company or freelancer, the developer must designate a Coordinator for Safety and Health during the performance of the works. According to the Spanish LOE (Law on Construction Planning), the enabling qualifications to serve as a Coordinator for Safety and Health in building projects are:

• Architect
• Technical Architect
• Engineer
• Technical Engineer.

The Coordinator for Safety and Health shall perform the following functions:

• coordinating the implementation of the general principles of prevention and safety in making technical decisions, in order to plan the work to develop
• coordinating the activities of the work, in order to ensure that contractors, subcontractors and freelancers apply the principles of preventive action in a consistent and responsible manner
• approving the Safety and Health Plan prepared by the builder and, when applicable, the modifications introduced therein
• organizing business activities
• coordinating actions to control the correct application of the working methods
• taking measures to limit the access to the building works.

When the building works are not very complex, the developer tends to shift the appointment of the Coordinator to any of the professionals in the Professional Management, either the Director of the Works or the Director of the Performance of the Works.

The Builder

Construction firms can respond to the following classification:

• small companies: they have little business infrastructure and use to outsource some services
• medium companies: they have some technician workforce, which use to act as representative on site
• big companies: they have complex charts composed of delegates, team leaders, production managers, etc.

Small companies use to pursue reform projects for homes, shops and public buildings, and new-building projects for single houses and small housing developments. Medium companies access to more types of works, through tender or auction. Big companies reach high budget building projects.

Architect Daniel Trujillano

http://www.arquitectotrujillano.com/home.html

Architectural Services for Building Projects in Spain